The endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial calcium cross talk is downregulated in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells and plays a critical role in apoptosis inhibition

Abstract

The failure of apoptosis may contribute to the formation of cancer and to its resistance to therapy. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor that responds poorly to standard chemo- and radio-therapies. Several studies have demonstrated that a plethora of oncogenes and tumor suppressors contribute to MPM onset/progression. Importantly, most of these genes are involved in the regulation of calcium (Ca²⁺)-handling. Cellular Ca²⁺ signaling is an important regulator of many physiological processes, and it has been widely reported to participate in the regulation of apoptotic cell death in cancer cells and tissues. However, in MPM the role of cellular Ca²⁺ has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we examined whether Ca²⁺ is involved in MPM. We found that mesothelioma cell lines and short-term cultures obtained from MPM-affected patients exhibited a critical dysregulation in Ca²⁺ signaling. We determined that this characteristic was associated with resistance to apoptotic stimuli and that correction of intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling resulted in the rescue of efficient apoptotic responses. In addition, we discovered that mitochondrial Ca²⁺-uptake plays a pivotal role as an inducer of apoptosis in MPM. Altogether, these findings suggest the identification of new MPM markers, which in turn could be potential targets for new therapeutic approaches.