Role of CD44high/CD133high HCT-116 cells in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer

Abstract

This study aimed to explore cell surface biomarkers related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their role in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer. Various colon cancer cell lines were screened for CD133 and CD44 expression. CD44^high/CD133^high and CD44^low/CD133^low cells were separately isolated by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). The cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle characteristics, and tumorigenic properties in CD44^high/CD133^high and CD44^low/CD133^low cells were investigated through in vitro experiments and in vivo tumor xenograft models. The expression profiles of stem cell-related genes were examined by RT-PCR. With HCT-116 cells, flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD44^high/CD133^high cells had higher proliferation potency than CD44^low/CD133^low cells. Compared to CD44^low/CD133^low cells, CD44^high/CD133^high cells had more stem cell-related genes, and displayed increased tumorigenic ability. In summary, CD44^high/CD133^high cells isolated from HCT-116 cells harbor CSC properties that may be related to the tumor growth of colon cancer. These results suggest that CD44 and CD133 could be strong markers of colorectal cancer stem cells.