Research Papers:
Dysregulated CXCR4 expression promotes lymphoma cell survival and independently predicts disease progression in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Abstract
Jiayu Chen1,2,*, Zijun Y. Xu-Monette2,*, Lijuan Deng2, Qi Shen2, Ganiraju C. Manyam3, Azahara Martinez-Lopez4, Li Zhang3, Santiago Montes-Moreno4, Carlo Visco5, Alexandar Tzankov6, Lihui Yin2, Karen Dybkaer7, April Chiu8, Attilio Orazi9, Youli Zu10, Govind Bhagat11, Kristy L. Richards12, Eric D. Hsi13, William W.L. Choi14, J. Han van Krieken15, Jooryung Huh16, Maurilio Ponzoni17, Andrés J.M. Ferreri17, Xiaoying Zhao18, Michael B. Møller19, John P. Farnen20, Jane N. Winter21, Miguel A. Piris4, Lan Pham2 and Ken H. Young2,22
1 Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
2 Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
3 Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
4 Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
5 San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
6 University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
7 Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
8 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
9 Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
10 The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
11 Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
12 University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
13 Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
14 University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
15 Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
16 Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
17 San Raffaele H. Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
18 Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second University Hospital, Hangzhou, China
19 Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
20 Gundersen Lutheran Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
21 Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
22 The University of Texas School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
* These authors made equal contributions to this work
Correspondence:
Ken H. Young, email:
Keywords: CXCR4, DLBCL, BCL2, Myc, TP53 mutation
Received: December 30, 2014 Accepted: January 04, 2015 Published: January 21, 2015
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an essential role in tumor cell dissemination and disease progression. However, the significance of CXCR4 overexpression in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. In 743 patients with de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received standard Rituximab-CHOP immunochemotherapy, we assessed the expression of CXCR4 and dissected its prognostic significance in various DLBCL subsets. Our results showed that CXCR4+ patients was associated with male, bulky tumor, high Ki-67 index, activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype, and Myc, Bcl-2 or p53 overexpression. Moreover, CXCR4+ was an independent factor predicting poorer progression-free survival in germinal-center B-cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL, but not in ABC-DLBCL; and in patients with an IPI of ≤2, but not in those with an IPI>2. The lack of prognostic significance of CXCR4 in ABC-DLBCL was likely due to the activation of p53 tumor suppressor attenuating CXCR4 signaling. Furthermore, concurrent CXCR4+ and BCL2 translocation showed dismal outcomes resembling but independent of MYC/BCL2 double-hit DLBCL. Gene expression profiling suggested that alterations in the tumor microenvironment and immune responses, increased tumor proliferation and survival, and the dissemination of CXCR4+ tumor cells to distant organs or tissues were underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the CXCR4+ associated poor prognosis.
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