Research Papers:
NRAS mutations in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) sensitize tumors towards treatment with the multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib
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Abstract
Michael K. Kießling1,3,*, Jan P. Nicolay1,2,*, Tabea Schlör2, Claus-Detlev Klemke2,4, Dorothee Süss1, Peter H. Krammer1 and Karsten Gülow1
1German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
2Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
3Current address: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
4Current address: Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, General Hospital Karlsruhe, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Karsten Gülow, email: [email protected]
Keywords: T cell lymphoma, RAS mutation, kinase, small molecule inhibitor, targeted therapy
Received: February 15, 2017 Accepted: April 24, 2017 Published: May 07, 2017
ABSTRACT
Therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is complicated by a distinct resistance of the malignant T cells towards apoptosis that can be caused by NRAS mutations in late-stage patients. These mutations correlate with decreased overall survival, but sensitize the respective CTCL cells towards MEK-inhibition-induced apoptosis which represents a promising novel therapeutic target in CTCL. Here, we show that the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib induces apoptosis in NRAS-mutated CTCL cells. CTCL cell lines and to a minor extent primary T cells from Sézary patients without NRAS mutations are also affected by Sorafenib-induced apoptosis suggesting a sensitizing role of NRAS mutations for Sorafenib-induced apoptosis. When combining Sorafenib with the established CTCL medication Vorinostat we detected an increase in cell death sensitivity in CTCL cells. The combination treatment acted synergistically in apoptosis induction in both non-mutant and mutant CTCL cells. Mechanistically, this synergistic apoptosis induction by Sorafenib and Vorinostat is based on the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, but not of other Bcl-2 family members. Taken together, these findings suggest that Sorafenib in combination with Vorinostat represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CTCL patients.
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