Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.
Its scope is unique. The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. The term was introduced in the inaugural Editorial, Introducing OncoTarget.
As of January 1, 2022, Oncotarget has shifted to a continuous publishing model. Papers will now be published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form and then quickly released to Pubmed.
Cells lacking Llgl1 form mammospheres, where survival and transplantability is dependent upon the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.
Additionally, Llgl1 loss allows cells to grow in soft-agar and maintain prolonged survival as orthotopic transplants in NOD-SCIDmice.
The loss of Llgl1 drives EGFR mislocalization and an EGFR mislocalization point mutation drives these same phenotypes, including activation of AKT and TAZ nuclear translocation.
Together, these data in this Oncotarget
study indicate that the loss of Llgl1 results in EGFR mislocalization, promoting pre-neoplastic changes.
Dr. Joyce Schroeder from The University of Arizona
said, "Epithelial cells are regulated by apicobasal polarity complexes that provide an asymmetric cell structure, regulate growth and survival, migration and invasion, and differentiation.
"
Advanced metastatic disease is frequently associated with stem cell characteristics, in that both stem cells and highly metastatic cancers
exhibit drug resistance, migratory capacity, self-renewal, and the ability to survive and differentiate into new tissues.
In fact, autocrine loops between the EGFR pathway and YAP activation have been identified in ovarian cancer
and breast epithelium.
One facet of pathway activation is intracellular localization of the receptors, as changes to intracellular localization of EGFR have been shown to play key roles in the activation of signal transduction cascades.
The cell of origin of heterogeneic metastases has been linked to tissue stem cells, cancer stem cells, or transdifferentiating cells.
Of note in this Oncotarget study, TAZ nuclear translocation is known to potentiate EGFR signaling pathways, which in turn can increase CD44 transcription and stem cell characteristics.
In this Oncotarget study, TAZ nuclear translocation is known to potentiate EGFR signaling pathways, which in turn can increase CD44 transcription and stem cell characteristics
The Schroeder Research Team concluded in their OncotargetPriority Research Paper
that We have shown that the loss of Llgl1 also promotes stem-cell like qualities in breast epithelial cells as indicated by the CD44hi/CD49flo/CD24lo expression in MCF12A cells.
In an attempt to address the role of Llgl1 in tumor progression, we transfected an Llgl1-GFP construct into breast cancer cell lines with little to no Llgl1 expression, including MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231, and T47D.
In each case, these cell lines died within 72 hours of transfection with Llgl1, which prevented us from performing any long term cell growth or transplant experiments.
Llgl1 's role as a polarity regulator in the Scribble complex is important, and as we have shown, its loss results in an increase of cancer stem-cell
like qualities, migration, and transplant survival in an EGF-dependent manner.
Our data shows that Llgl1 is a necessary regulator in the prevention of metaplasia and that its loss results in multiple aberrant characteristics, all of which can decrease patient survival, warranting further exploration of Llgl1 as a tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target.
