Oncotarget

Research Papers:

Medical Machiavellianism: the tradeoff between benefit and harm with targeted chemotherapy

Bryan Oronsky _, Corey Carter, Anna Scicinska, Arnold Oronsky, Neil Oronsky, Michelle Lybeck and Jan Scicinski

PDF  |  HTML  |  How to cite

Oncotarget. 2016; 7:9041-9045. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6984

Metrics: PDF 1602 views  |   HTML 2612 views  |   ?  


Abstract

Bryan Oronsky1, Corey Carter2, Anna Scicinska1, Arnold Oronsky3, Neil Oronsky4, Michelle Lybeck1 and Jan Scicinski1

1 EpicentRx, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA

2 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA

3 InterWest Partners, Menlo Park, CA, USA

4 CFLS, LLC, San Jose, CA, USA

Correspondence to:

Bryan Oronsky, email:

Keywords: cancer, adverse events, risk to benefit, medical machiavellianism

Received: August 15, 2015 Accepted: January 17, 2016 Published: January 22, 2016

Abstract

Machiavellianism is a word synonymous with the phrase “the end justifies the means”, and in this article we have coined the term Medical Machiavellianism to describe the ‘cruel-to-be-kind’ administration of toxic chemotherapeutic agents in apparent violation of the precept first do no harm, while acknowledging the ‘dirty hands’ dilemma of having to decide between and choose the lesser of two evils in the setting of advanced cancer—i.e. to treat or not to treat. The perception that ‘targeted’ therapies are relatively non-toxic and therefore respect the Hippocratic First Commandment by virtue of their narrow selectivity is belied by their often inherent promiscuity, addressing multiple targets either inadvertently or deliberately, which may result in multiple side effects.

The remarkable success of immunotherapy may have taken the bloom off the ‘targeted agent’ rose, however due to a lack of other approved treatment alternatives the toxicity of these agents may be overlooked or, at least, undervalued, especially given that the official measure of treatment success in oncology is overall survival (OS), not quality-of-life improvements.

By analogy with the MACH-IV personality survey (1970), [1] which measures high and low Machiavellian orientation, we have defined in this article a rudimentary MACH scale for selected targeted chemotherapies, based on the means-to-ends ratio of toxicity and benefit. It is our hope that this comparison between targeted agents will itself function as a means to an end—to help oncologists strike the right balance between efficacy, toxicity and quality of life in the management of their patients.


Creative Commons License All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
PII: 6984