Research Papers:
Downregulation of c-SRC kinase CSK promotes castration resistant prostate cancer and pinpoints a novel disease subclass
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Abstract
Chih-Cheng Yang1,2, Ladan Fazli6, Salvatore Loguercio3,7, Irina Zharkikh4, Pedro Aza-Blanc2, Martin E. Gleave6, Dieter A. Wolf1,3,5
1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
2Functional Genomics Core, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
3San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
4Tumor Analysis Core, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
5School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Stress Signaling Networks, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
6Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3Z6
7Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Correspondence to:
Dieter A. Wolf, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Chih-Cheng Yang, e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer, c-SRC kinase CSK, mouse xenografts, human prostate cancer tissue samples, siRNA screen
Received: April 10, 2015 Accepted: June 08, 2015 Published: June 18, 2015
ABSTRACT
SRC kinase is activated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), phosphorylates the androgen receptor (AR), and causes its ligand-independent activation as a transcription factor. However, activating SRC mutations are exceedingly rare in human tumors, and mechanisms of ectopic SRC activation therefore remain largely unknown. Performing a functional genomics screen, we found that downregulation of SRC inhibitory kinase CSK is sufficient to overcome growth arrest induced by depriving human prostate cancer cells of androgen. CSK knockdown led to ectopic SRC activation, increased AR signaling, and resistance to anti-androgens. Consistent with the in vitro observations, stable knockdown of CSK conferred castration resistance in mouse xenograft models, while sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib was retained. Finally, CSK was found downregulated in a distinct subset of CRPCs marked by AR amplification and ETS2 deletion but lacking PTEN and RB1 mutations. These results identify CSK downregulation as a principal driver of SRC activation and castration resistance and validate SRC as a drug target in a molecularly defined subclass of CRPCs.
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