Oncotarget

Reviews:

Optimizing enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab therapy

Elias Antoine Karam _, Yaghi César Céline, Gilles Prince, Fouad Attieh, Hampig Raphael Kourie, Joseph Kattan and Elie Nemer

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Oncotarget. 2025; 16:481-494. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28741

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Abstract

Elias Antoine Karam1,2,*, Yaghi César Céline2,*, Gilles Prince2, Fouad Attieh2, Hampig Raphael Kourie2, Joseph Kattan2 and Elie Nemer3

1 Departements de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy F-94805, Villejuif, France

2 Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon

3 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon

* These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence to:

Elias Antoine Karam, email: [email protected]

Keywords: advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC); enfortumab vedotin; pembrolizumab; treatment strategies

Received: June 26, 2024     Accepted: April 28, 2025     Published: June 17, 2025

Copyright: © 2025 Karam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

ABSTRACT

Often associated with a poor prognosis, advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) has progressed to muscle-invasive or metastatic stages. Traditionally, chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for aUC, though its effectiveness in advanced stages remains limited. Recent developments have introduced promising therapies, notably the combination of enfortumab vedotin with pembrolizumab, which is now recommended as the first-line therapy following the EV-302 trial results. This combination has demonstrated significant improvements in survival rates. This review aims to explore the evolution of treatment strategies for aUC, emphasizing the shift towards immunotherapy and targeted therapies, and discusses the potential for optimized treatment algorithms to improve patient outcomes.


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