Oncotarget

Reviews:

Molecular chaperones: Guardians of tumor suppressor stability and function

Jennifer A. Heritz, Sarah J. Backe, and Mehdi Mollapour _

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Oncotarget. 2024; 15:679-696. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28653

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Abstract

Jennifer A. Heritz1,2,3, Sarah J. Backe,1,2 and Mehdi Mollapour1,2,3,4

1 Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA

2 Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA

3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA

4 Syracuse VA Medical Center, New York VA Health Care, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA

Correspondence to:

Mehdi Mollapour, email: [email protected]

Keywords: molecular chaperone; tumor suppressor; renal cell carcinoma; Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome; TSC syndrome

Received: July 26, 2024     Accepted: September 17, 2024     Published: October 01, 2024

Copyright: © 2024 Heritz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

ABSTRACT

The term ‘tumor suppressor’ describes a widely diverse set of genes that are generally involved in the suppression of metastasis, but lead to tumorigenesis upon loss-of-function mutations. Despite the protein products of tumor suppressors exhibiting drastically different structures and functions, many share a common regulatory mechanism—they are molecular chaperone ‘clients’. Clients of molecular chaperones depend on an intracellular network of chaperones and co-chaperones to maintain stability. Mutations of tumor suppressors that disrupt proper chaperoning prevent the cell from maintaining sufficient protein levels for physiological function. This review discusses the role of the molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in maintaining the stability and functional integrity of tumor suppressors. The contribution of cochaperones prefoldin, HOP, Aha1, p23, FNIP1/2 and Tsc1 as well as the chaperonin TRiC to tumor suppressor stability is also discussed. Genes implicated in renal cell carcinoma development—VHL, TSC1/2, and FLCN—will be used as examples to explore this concept, as well as how pathogenic mutations of tumor suppressors cause disease by disrupting protein chaperoning, maturation, and function.


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