Extracellular vesicles: biomarkers and regulators of vascular function during extracorporeal circulation

Mark J. McVey; Wolfgang M. Kuebler

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26433

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Extracellular vesicles: biomarkers and regulators of vascular function during extracorporeal circulation

Mark J. McVey and Wolfgang M. Kuebler _

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Oncotarget. 2018; 9:37229-37251. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26433

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Abstract

Mark J. McVey1,2,3,4 and Wolfgang M. Kuebler1,2,5,6,7

1Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

2Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

3Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

4Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada

5Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

6Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

7German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany

Correspondence to:

Wolfgang M. Kuebler, email: [email protected]

Keywords: extracellular vesicles; extracorporeal circuits; ECMO; cardiopulmonary bypass; hemodialysis

Received: May 26, 2018 Accepted: November 26, 2018 Published: December 14, 2018

ABSTRACT

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated at increased rates from parenchymal and circulating blood cells during exposure of the circulation to abnormal flow conditions and foreign materials associated with extracorporeal circuits (ExCors). This review describes types of EVs produced in different ExCors and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems including cardiopulmonary bypass circuits, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO₂R), apheresis, dialysis and ventricular assist devices. Roles of EVs not only as biomarkers of adverse events during ExCor/ECLS use, but also as mediators of vascular dysfunction are explored. Manipulation of the number or subtypes of circulating EVs may prove a means of improving vascular function for individuals requiring ExCor/ECLS support. Strategies for therapeutic manipulation of EVs during ExCor/ECLS use are discussed such as accelerating their clearance, preventing their genesis or pharmacologic options to reduce or select which and how many EVs circulate. Strategies to reduce or select for specific types of EVs may prove beneficial in preventing or treating other EV-related diseases such as cancer.

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Reviews:

Extracellular vesicles: biomarkers and regulators of vascular function during extracorporeal circulation

Abstract