Case Reports:
ROS1-rearranged putative lung adenocarcinoma presenting as carcinoma of unknown primary site: a case report
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Abstract
Masaya Taniwaki1, Masahiro Yamasaki1, Koto Kawata1, Kazuma Kawamoto1, Kunihiko Funaishi1, Yu Matsumoto1, Naoko Matsumoto1, Nobuyuki Ohashi1,2 and Noboru Hattori3
1Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
2Ohashi Clinic, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
3Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
Correspondence to:
Masaya Taniwaki, email: [email protected]
Keywords: ROS1 rearrangement; putative lung adenocarcinoma; carcinoma of unknown primary site; oncogene; crizotinib
Received: August 22, 2018 Accepted: October 06, 2018 Published: October 16, 2018
ABSTRACT
Carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP) is diagnosed only in 2-9% of all cancer cases. Adenocarcinomas account for approximately 60% of CUP, and some of these are putative lung adenocarcinomas. The frequency of driver oncogene positivity in the putative lung adenocarcinomas is unknown, and the efficacy of targeting therapies for the driver oncogene is also unknown. This is the first case report of C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-rearranged putative lung adenocarcinoma presenting as CUP showing a good response to ROS1 inhibitor therapy. A 55-year-old woman presented with neck lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) showed swelling of the bilateral supraclavicular, left accessory, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes. The pathological analysis of the lymph node specimen biopsy indicated adenocarcinoma with cytokeratin 7 and thyroid transcription factor-1 positivity. Thus, this case was identified as ROS1- rearranged putative lung adenocarcinoma presenting as CUP. Oral crizotinib, an ROS1 inhibitor, was administered at a dose of 250 mg twice daily. Four weeks later, several swollen nodes showed marked improvement, and eight weeks later, FDG PET showed almost no uptake. In conclusion, putative lung adenocarcinoma presenting as CUP may involve ROS1 rearrangement, and ROS1 inhibitor therapy may be effective.
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