Research Papers:
Dietary inflammatory index and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Japanese adults
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Abstract
Makiko Abe1,2,3, Nitin Shivappa4,5,6, Hidemi Ito3,7, Isao Oze3, Tetsuya Abe8, Yasuhiro Shimizu8, Yasuhisa Hasegawa9, Chikako Kiyohara1, Masatoshi Nomura10, Yoshihiro Ogawa2,11, James R. Hebert4,5,6 and Keitaro Matsuo3,7
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
2Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
3Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
4Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
6Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
7Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
8Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
9Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
10Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
11Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
Correspondence to:
Keitaro Matsuo, email: [email protected]
Keywords: upper aerodigestive tract cancer; dietary inflammatory index; Japanese adults; persistent infection; case-control study
Received: November 26, 2017 Accepted: April 13, 2018 Published: May 08, 2018
ABSTRACT
Background: The inflammatory potential of diet that has been shown to be associated with cancer risk. We examined the association between dietary inflammatory potential as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a Japanese case-control study.
Results: A positive association was observed between increasing DII scores and overall upper aerodigestive tract cancers, and across anatomic subsites. For upper aerodigestive tract cancers, the ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.37–2.20); head and neck cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.42–2.59); and for esophageal cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was1.71 (95% CI: 1.54–1.90). Risks for hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers were greatly elevated: (ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.05 (95% CI: 1.24–13.25) for hypopharyngeal cancer and ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.99 (95% CI: 1.14–21.79) for nasopharyngeal cancer.
Conclusion: A more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers after accounting for important confounders. All anatomic subsites, except larynx, showed the consistently elevated risk with increasing DII score. Those subsites with known etiological associations with persistent infection showed the largest elevation in risk. These results warrant further evaluation in future studies.
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study of 1,028 cases and 3,081 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls recruited at Aichi Cancer Center. DII scores were computed based on estimates of macro- and micro-nutrients from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Scores were further categorized into quartiles (based on the distribution in controls). Conditional logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for smoking, ethanol consumption, alcohol flushing, number of teeth, and occupation group.
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