Oncotarget

Research Papers:

Synthesis and characterization of polyphosphazene microspheres incorporating demineralized bone matrix scaffolds controlled release of growth factor for chondrogenesis applications

Bo Ren, Xiaoqing Hu, Jin Cheng, Zhaohui Huang, Pengfei Wei, Weili Shi, Peng Yang, Jiying Zhang, Xiaoning Duan, Qing Cai _ and Yingfang Ao

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Oncotarget. 2017; 8:114314-114327. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23304

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Abstract

Bo Ren1, Xiaoqing Hu1, Jin Cheng1, Zhaohui Huang2, Pengfei Wei2, Weili Shi1, Peng Yang1, Jiying Zhang1, Xiaoning Duan1, Qing Cai2 and Yingfang Ao1

1Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China

2State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Correspondence to:

Qing Cai, email: [email protected]

Yingfang Ao, email: [email protected]

Keywords: polyphosphazenes microsphere; demineralized bone matrix; control release; growth factor; chondrogenesis

Received: October 29, 2017     Accepted: December 05, 2017     Published: December 14, 2017

ABSTRACT

As a promising strategy for the successful regeneration of articular cartilage, tissue engineering has received increasing recognition of control release. Two kinds of functional poly (alanine ethyl ester-co-glycine ethyl ester) phosphazene microspheres with different ratios of side-substituent groups were synthesized by emulsion technique. The rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers was carefully tuned to suit the desired application for control release. For controlled delivery of growth factors, the microspheres overcame most of severe side effects linked to demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds, which had been previously optimized for cartilage regeneration. The application of scaffolds in chondrogenic differentiation was investigated by subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. In the present study, we have provided a novel microsphere-incorporating demineralized bone matrix (MS/DBM) scaffolds to release transforming growth factor-β1 or insulin-like growth factors-1. Laser confocal fluorescence staining showed that the surface of microspheres was a suitable environment for cell attachment. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations have shown that significantly more cartilaginous extracellular matrix was detected in MS/DBM group when compared with DBM alone group (P<0.05). In addition, the biomechanical test showed that this composite scaffold exhibited favorable mechanical strength as a delivery platform. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MS/DBM scaffolds was sufficient to support stem bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis and neo-cartilage formation.


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