Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and ratio of transmitral E wave velocity to early diastole mitral velocity with cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease

Abstract

The association between DM and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, assessed using the ratio of peak early transmitral filling wave velocity (E) to early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (Ea), with cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain. This study included 356 CKD stage 3–5 patients underwent echocardiography. All patients were classified into four groups based on the presence of DM and E/Ea ≤ or > 9. CV events included CV death, hospitalization for heart failure, unstable angina or nonfatal myocardial infarction, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. There were 58 CV events during the mean observation period of 25.0 months. A combination of the presence of DM and E/Ea > 9 (vs. a combination of non-DM and E/Ea ≤ 9) was associated with CV events in unadjusted model (hazard ratio [HR], 6.990; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.753–17.744; p < 0.001), and in a multivariate adjusted model (HR, 3.037; 95% CI, 2.088–7.177; p = 0.025). In the patients without DM, the E/Ea ratio (p = 0.033) improved the prediction of CV events, compared to the E/Ea ratio (p = 0.018), left atrial diameter (p = 0.016) and left ventricular mass index (p = 0.001) in the patients with DM. The combination of DM and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was associated with CV events in patients with CKD stage 3–5. Assessments of DM status and E/Ea ratio may facilitate identifying high-risk patient population of unfavorable CV outcomes.