Oncotarget

Clinical Research Papers:

11C-choline PET/CT and whole-body MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging for patients with recurrent prostate cancer

Hinrich Wieder _, Ambros J. Beer, Konstantin Holzapfel, Martin Henninger, Tobias Maurer, Sarah Schwarzenboeck, Ernst J. Rummeny, Matthias Eiber and Jens Stollfuss

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Oncotarget. 2017; 8:66516-66527. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16227

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Abstract

Hinrich Wieder1,2, Ambros J. Beer1,7, Konstantin Holzapfel3, Martin Henninger1, Tobias Maurer4, Sarah Schwarzenboeck5, Ernst J. Rummeny3, Matthias Eiber1,* and Jens Stollfuss3,6,*

1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

2 Centre for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Grevenbroich, Germany

3 Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

4 Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany

6 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Memmingen, Memmingen, Germany

7 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

* These authors have contributed equally to this manuscript

Correspondence to:

Hinrich Wieder, email:

Keywords: prostate cancer, recurrence, 11C-choline, PET/CT, MRI

Received: November 18, 2016 Accepted: March 06, 2017 Published: March 15, 2017

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the detection efficacy of 11C-choline positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with suspected recurrent prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (mean age 68, range 54-80 years) underwent 11C-choline PET/CT and MRI using T1-weighted (T1w), short-tau inversion recovery (STIR), and DWI. Two readers visually rated suspicious lesions on a 5-point scale in 20 different regions. Clinical follow-up and histopathology served as the standard of reference (SOR).

Results: Fifty patients (mean PSA 29.9, range 1.0-670 ng/mL) had at least one positive lesion according to the SOR. Twenty-four patients had local recurrence (LR), 27 had lymph node (LN) involvement, and 22 had bone metastases. The overall detection rates for PET/CT and MRI on a patient basis were 94% and 88%, respectively (p = 0.07). The PSA level (>2 ng/mL vs ≤2 ng/mL) significantly influenced the overall performance of PET/CT (p = 0.003) and MRI (p = 0.03). PET/CT was significantly superior to MRI in detecting LR (p = 0.03) and bone metastasis (p = 0.02). We found no difference with respect to the detection of LN metastasis (p = 0.65).

Conclusion: 11C-choline PET/CT was superior in the detection of local recurrence and bone metastasis on a regional basis. Whole-body MRI including DWI showed similar diagnostic accuracy only for detecting lymph node metastases. Compared with 11C-choline PET/CT, therefore, whole-body MRI including DWI cannot serve as alternative imaging modality for restaging prostate cancer.


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