Research Papers:
Integration of the cancer-related inflammatory response as a stratifying biomarker of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib
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Abstract
Jessica A. Howell1,2,3,*, David J. Pinato1,*, Ramya Ramaswami1, Tadaaki Arizumi4, Carlotta Ferrari5, Antonello Gibbin5, Michela E. Burlone5, Giulia Guaschino5, Pierluigi Toniutto6, James Black1, Laura Sellers1, Masatoshi Kudo4, Mario Pirisi5 and Rohini Sharma1
1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
2Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
3Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
5Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
6Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
*These authors have contributed equally to the work
Correspondence to:
Jessica A. Howell, email: [email protected]
Keywords: liver cancer, VEGF inhibitor, CLIP score, BCLC, inflammation
Received: March 30, 2016 Accepted: October 13, 2016 Published: February 14, 2017
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Response to sorafenib is highly variable in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Baseline inflammatory parameters and treatment toxicities may improve survival prediction in patients on sorafenib therapy.
Results: 442 patients with advanced stage HCC on sorafenib were recruited (follow-up 5096 person-months at risk). 88% had BCLC stage B or greater HCC and 72.3% had Child-Pugh A cirrhosis. On Cox multivariate regression, previously-treated HCC (HR 0.579, 95% CI 0.385-0.872, p=0.009), Cancer of Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score (HR 1.723, 95% CI 1.462-2.047, p<0.0001), baseline red cell distribution width (RDW; HR 1.234, 95% CI 1.115-1.290, p<0.0001) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR; HR 1.218, 95% CI 1.108-1.322, p<0.0001) were significant independent risks for shorter survival, whilst sorafenib-related diarrhoea was associated with prolonged survival (HR 0.533, 95% CI 0.373-0.763, p=0.001). The combination of RD-CLIP score (CLIP score multiplied by RDW) ≥ 70 and no treatment-related diarrhoea had good utility for predicting 3-month survival (AUC of 0.808 (95% CI 0.734-0.882), positive predictive value of 86.4% and negative predictive value of 83.3%), compared with CLIP (AUC=0.642) or BCLC score alone (AUC=0.579). RD-CLIP score ≥ 35 and no treatment-related diarrhoea had an AUC of 0.787 for predicting 12-month survival.
Methods: Patients with HCC were consecutively recruited from three tertiary centres (Japan, Italy and UK) and clinical data were prospectively collected. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (OS) after commencing sorafenib.
Conclusion: The novel prognostic index of CLIP score combined with inflammatory marker RDW and treatment-related diarrhoea has good accuracy for predicting overall, 3 month and 12 month survival in patients on sorafenib.
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