Clinical Research Papers:
Combined vemurafenib and fotemustine in patients with BRAF V600 melanoma progressing on vemurafenib
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Abstract
Paola Queirolo1, Francesco Spagnolo2, Virginia Picasso1, Laura Spano1, Enrica Tanda1, Valeria Fontana3, Laura Giorello3, Domenico Franco Merlo3, Ester Simeone4, Antonio Maria Grimaldi4, Marcello Curvietto4, Michele Del Vecchio5, Paolo Bruzzi3, Paolo Antonio Ascierto4
1Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
2Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, IRCCS AOU San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
3Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS AOU San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
4Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Napoli, Italy
5Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Correspondence to:
Francesco Spagnolo, email: [email protected]
Keywords: vemurafenib, BRAF, fotemustine, melanoma, treatment beyond progression
Received: February 29, 2016 Accepted: June 30, 2016 Published: July 13, 2016
ABSTRACT
Background: BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib achieves high response rate and an improvement in survival in patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. However, median progression-free survival is only 6.9 months in the phase 3 study. Retrospective analyses suggest that treatment with BRAF inhibitors beyond initial progression might be associated with improved overall survival. We aimed to prospectively investigate the activity of prolonged treatment with vemurafenib and the addition of fotemustine in patients with systemic progression on prior single-agent BRAF inhibitor.
Patients and Methods: In this two-centres, single-arm Phase 2 trial, we enrolled patients with systemic progressive disease during single-agent vemurafenib treatment. Participants received vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily or dose administered at time of disease progression with vemurafenib previous treatment and fotemustine 100 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks. The primary endpoint was PFS.
Results: Thirty-one patients were enrolled in the study; 16 patients had brain metastases at baseline. Median PFS was 3.9 months and 19 patients (61.3%) achieved disease control (1 CR, 4 PR, 14 SD). For patients achieving disease control, median duration of treatment was 6 months. Median OS was 5.8 months from enrolment and 15.4 months from start of previous vemurafenib. Five patients (16.1%) had a G3-4 AE, the most common being thrombocytopenia, which occurred in 3 patients.
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01983124.
Conclusion: The combination of vemurafenib plus fotemustine has clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile in BRAF-refractory patients.
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