The emerging roles of exosomes in leukemogeneis

Jianbiao Zhou; Sam Wang; Kangyun Sun; Wee-Joo Chng

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9333

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The emerging roles of exosomes in leukemogeneis

Jianbiao Zhou, Sam Wang, Kangyun Sun and Wee-Joo Chng _

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Oncotarget. 2016; 7:50698-50707. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9333

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Abstract

Jianbiao Zhou1,2, Sam Wang3, Kangyun Sun4 and Wee-Joo Chng1,2,5

1 Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

2 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore

3 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

4 Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliate of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China

5 Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Correspondence to:

Jianbiao Zhou, email:

Wee-Joo Chng, email:

Keywords: exosome, leukemia, immunotherapy, biomarker, miRNA

Received: March 26, 2016 Accepted: May 05, 2016 Published: May 12, 2016

Abstract

Communication between leukemia cells and their environment is essential for the development and progression of leukemia. Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by many types of cells that contain protein and RNA and mediate intercellular communication. The involvement of exosomes has been demonstrated in the crosstalk between leukemic cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells, consequently promoting the survival of leukemic cells, protection of leukemic cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, angiogenesis and cell migration. At the same time, exosomes can be used for the detection and monitoring of leukemia, with some advantage over current methods of detection and surveillance. As they are involved in immune response towards leukemic cells, exosomes can also potentially be exploited to augment immunotherapy in leukemia. In this review, we first describe the general characteristics of exosomes and biogenesis of exosomes. We then highlight the emerging role of exosomes in different types of leukemia. Finally, the clinical value of exosomes as biomarkers, in vivo drug carriers and novel exosome-based immunotherapy are discussed.

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Reviews:

The emerging roles of exosomes in leukemogeneis

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