Research Papers:
Oxidation of heat shock protein 60 and protein disulfide isomerase activates ERK and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2
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Abstract
Chung-Yi Lin1,2, Chi-Tan Hu3, Chuan-Chu Cheng4, Ming-Che Lee5, Siou-Mei Pan3, Teng-Yi Lin1,2, Wen-Sheng Wu4
1Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
3Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
5Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
Correspondence to:
Wen-Sheng Wu, e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocellular carcinoma, reactive oxygen species, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, heat shock protein 60
Received: August 20, 2015 Accepted: January 17, 2016 Published: January 31, 2016
ABSTRACT
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met were frequently deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways activated by HGF-c-Met are promising targets for preventing HCC progression. HGF can induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for cell adhesion, migration and invasion of tumors including HCC. On the other hand, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), member of mitogen activated kinase, can be activated by ROS for a lot of cellular processes. As expected, HGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and progression of HCC cell HepG2 were suppressed by ROS scavengers. By N-(biotinoyl)-N′-(iodoacetyl)-ethylenediamine (BIAM) labeling method, a lot of cysteine (-SH)-containing proteins with M.W. 50–75 kD were decreased in HepG2 treated with HGF or two other ROS generators, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phenazine methosulfate. These redox sensitive proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Among them, two chaperones, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), were found to be the most common redox sensitive proteins in responding to all three agonists. Affinity blot of BIAM-labeled, immunoprecipitated HSP60 and PDI verified that HGF can decrease the cysteine (-SH) containing HSP60 and PDI. On the other hand, HGF and TPA increased cysteinyl glutathione-containing HSP60, consistent with the decrease of cysteine (-SH)-containing HSP60. Moreover, depletion of HSP60 and PDI or expression of dominant negative mutant of HSP60 with alteration of Cys, effectively prevented HGF-induced ERK phosphorylation and HepG2 migration.
In conclusion, the redox sensitive HSP60 and PDI are required for HGF-induced ROS signaling and potential targets for preventing HCC progressions.
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