Research Papers:
The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces HSP60 nitration and its extracellular release by exosomal vesicles in human lung-derived carcinoma cells
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Abstract
Claudia Campanella1,2,*, Antonella D'Anneo3,*, Antonella Marino Gammazza1,2,*, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto1,2, Rosario Barone1,2, Sonia Emanuele4, Filippa Lo Cascio1, Emanuele Mocciaro1, Stefano Fais5, Everly Conway De Macario6, Alberto J.L. Macario2,6, Francesco Cappello1,2, Marianna Lauricella4
1Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
2Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
4Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
5Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore and IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, USA
*These authors have contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Francesco Cappello, email: [email protected]
Keywords: histone deacetylase inhibitor, SAHA, HSP60, oxidative stress, exosomes
Received: August 27, 2015 Accepted: November 22, 2015 Published: December 19, 2015
ABSTRACT
HSP60 undergoes changes in quantity and distribution in some types of tumors suggesting a participation of the chaperonin in the mechanism of transformation and cancer progression. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a member of a family of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), has anti-cancer potential but its interaction, if any, with HSP60 has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of SAHA in a human lung-derived carcinoma cell line (H292). We analysed cell viability and cycle; oxidative stress markers; mitochondrial integrity; HSP60 protein and mRNA levels; and HSP60 post-translational modifications, and its secretion. We found that SAHA is cytotoxic for H292 cells, interrupting the cycle at the G2/M phase, which is followed by death; cytotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and diminution of intracellular levels of HSP60; HSP60 undergoes a post-translational modification and becomes nitrated; and nitrated HSP60 is exported via exosomes. We propose that SAHA causes ROS overproduction and mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to HSP60 nitration and release into the intercellular space and circulation to interact with the immune system. These successive steps might constitute the mechanism of the anti-tumor action of SAHA and provide a basis to design supplementary therapeutic strategies targeting HSP60, which would be more efficacious than the compound alone.
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