FGF2-FGFR1 pathway activation together with thymidylate synthase upregulation is induced in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells

Kentaro Miura; Takaaki Oba; Kazutoshi Hamanaka; Ken-ichi Ito

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26622

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Research Papers:

FGF2-FGFR1 pathway activation together with thymidylate synthase upregulation is induced in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells

Kentaro Miura, Takaaki Oba, Kazutoshi Hamanaka and Ken-ichi Ito _

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Oncotarget. 2019; 10:1171-1192. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26622

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Abstract

Kentaro Miura1, Takaaki Oba1, Kazutoshi Hamanaka1 and Ken-ichi Ito1

1Division of Breast, Endocrine and Respiratory Surgery, Department of Surgery (II), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan

Correspondence to:

Ken-ichi Ito, email: [email protected]

Keywords: drug resistance; FGFR pathway; lung cancer; pemetrexed; epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Received: March 07, 2018 Accepted: January 09, 2019 Published: February 05, 2019

ABSTRACT

Pemetrexed (MTA) is a folate antimetabolite used for treating non-small cell lung cancer. To elucidate the mechanisms of pemetrexed resistance in lung cancer, we established pemetrexed-resistant sublines in PC9 (mutant EGFR) and H1993 (wild-type EGFR) lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9-MTA, H1993-MTA). Gene expression profile comparison by microarray analyses revealed enhanced fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression, confirmed by Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. ERK phosphorylation was increased in PC9-MTA but decreased in H1993-MTA along with decreased downstream signaling molecule phosphorylation. Cellular morphological change from epithelial to spindle-shape together with increased mesenchymal marker protein expression was observed in H1993-MTA. SiRNA-mediated FGF2 knockdown partially restored pemetrexed sensitivity in both lines, whereas anti-FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 restored pemetrexed sensitivity in PC9-MTA. FGF2 or FGFR1 inhibition decreased pERK levels in PC9-MTA but increased pEGFR levels together with downstream signaling molecule activation and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker protein expression in H1993-MTA. Although thymidylate synthase strongly facilitates the development of pemetrexed resistance, our results reveal involvement of the FGF2-FGFR1 pathway in pemetrexed resistance in lung cancer cells and suggest that cellular function alterations induced by FGF2-FGFR1 pathway activation depend on the innate feature of cancer cells.

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Research Papers:

FGF2-FGFR1 pathway activation together with thymidylate synthase upregulation is induced in pemetrexed-resistant lung cancer cells

Abstract