Pretreatment nutritional risk scores and performance status are prognostic factors in esophageal cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy

Abstract

This study evaluated the prognostic effects of nutritional risk scores and performance status (PS) on unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) patients who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). A total of 202 LAEC patients from four different cancer centers were retrospectively reviewed. Nutritional risk and PS were measured using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) scores and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scales. Outcomes were clinical response rate, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis of predictive factors of response to dCRT and survival were performed using a logistic regression and a Cox model, respectively. The majority of patients (71.8%) had an ECOG PS score of 0-1, and 52.5% (n=106) of patients were identified as having nutritional risk (NRS-2002 ≥3) upon treatment initiation. There was no correlation between NRS-2002 scores and ECOG PS (Spearman’s ρ=0.046; P=0.516). In multivariate analysis, NRS-2002 scores (P=0.002, HR 2.805, 95%CI: 1.445-5.446) and ECOG PS (P=0.015, HR 2.719, 95%CI: 1.218-6.067) were independent prognostic factors for the response to dCRT. NRS-2002 scores (OS: HR 1.530, 95%CI 1.059-2.209; P=0.023; PFS: HR 1.517, 95%CI 1.105-2.082; P=0.010) and ECOG PS (OS: HR 1.729, 95%CI 1.185-2.522; P=0.005; PFS: HR 1.678, 95%CI 1.179-2.387; P=0.004) were both independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. In conclusions, NRS-2002 scores and ECOG PS scales both have prognostic effects on clinical response and survival in LAEC, but a significant association of NRS-2002 scores and ECOG PS were not observed.