Significant association of YAP1 and HSPC111 proteins with poor prognosis in Chinese gastric cancer patients

Abstract

Hippo-YAP1 is a tumor-suppressor signaling pathway that inhibits cell proliferation and accelerates apoptosis. However, the role of YAP1 in gastric cancer (GC) is still in dispute. Ribosomal biogenesis is closely correlated with human malignancies. HBV pre-S2 trans-regulated protein 3 (HSPC111) is a portion of an RNA-dependent complex and plays a crucial role in ribosome biosynthesis. Nevertheless, little is known about the expression and function of this factor in GC. In the present study, we evaluated the significance of YAP1 together with HSPC111 in gastric cancer. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas database, high YAP1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis of GC patients, and dramatically increased mRNA levels of HSPC111 are observed in GC tissues. Consistent with these findings, we detected increased expression of both YAP1 and HSPC111 in GC cell lines and clinical samples. Notably, nuclear expression of YAP1 was positively correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.041), tumor size (P = 0.023), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), while HSPC111 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.014). Our analyses also detected a correlation between HSPC111 expression and nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1 in clinical samples (nuclear: r = 0.2615, P = 0.004; cytoplasm: r = −0.3721, P < 0.001) and cell lines. Finally, we showed that patients who were HSPC111- and nuclear YAP1-positive were associated with the worst prognosis (34.5 ± 4.8 months, p = 0.001), and that nuclear expression of YAP1 might act as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients.