Research Papers: Immunology:
A prospective birth cohort study of different risk factors for development of allergic diseases in offspring of non-atopic parents
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Abstract
Ming-Tsung Lee1, Chih-Chiang Wu2,3, Chia-Yu Ou3, Jen-Chieh Chang4, Chieh-An Liu3, Chih-Lu Wang3, Hau Chuang4,5, Ho-Chang Kuo4,5, Te-Yao Hsu6,7, Chie-Pein Chen8 and Kuender D. Yang2,8,9,10
1 Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
3 Department of Pediatrics, Po-Jen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
4 Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
5 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
7 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
8 Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
9 Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
10 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
Correspondence to:
Kuender D. Yang, email:
Te-Yao Hsu, email:
Keywords: birth cohort, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, perinatal environment
Received: October 22, 2016 Accepted: December 26, 2016 Published: January 09, 2017
Abstract
Background: Allergic diseases are thought to be inherited. Prevalence of allergic diseases has, however, increased dramatically in last decades, suggesting environmental causes for the development of allergic diseases.
Objective: We studied risk factors associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) in children of non-atopic parents in a subtropical country.
Methods: In a birth cohort of 1,497 newborns, parents were prenatally enrolled and validated for allergic diseases by questionnaire, physician-verified and total or specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels; 1,236 and 756 children, respectively, completed their 3-year and 6-year follow-up. Clinical examination, questionnaire, and blood samples for total and specific IgE of the children were collected at each follow-up visit.
Results: Prevalence of AD, AR and AS was, respectively, 8.2%, 30.8% and 12.4% in children of non-atopic parents. Prevalence of AR (p<.001) and AS (p=.018) was significantly higher in children of parents who were both atopic. A combination of Cesarean section (C/S) and breastfeeding for more than 1 month showed the highest risk for AD (OR=3.111, p=.006). Infants living in homes with curtains and no air filters had the highest risk for AR (OR=2.647, p<.001), and male infants of non-atopic parents living in homes without air filters had the highest risk for AS (OR=1.930, p=.039).
Conclusions: Breastfeeding and C/S affect development of AD. Gender, use of curtains and/or air filters affect AR and AS, suggesting that control of the perinatal environment is necessary for the prevention of atopic diseases in children of non-atopic parents.
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